Before you invest (or waste) hundreds and thousands of hours on a language you should interpret it. During my thesis research at Princeton which focused on neuroscience and unorthodox acquisition of Japanese by native English speakers as well as when redesigning curricula for Berlitz this neglected deconstruction step surfaced as one of the distinguishing habits of the fastest language learners.
So far. I’ve deconstructed Japanese. Mandarin Chinese. Spanish. Italian. Brazilian Portuguese. German. Norwegian. Irish Gaelic. Korean and perhaps a dozen others. I’m far from perfect in these languages and I’m terrible at some but I can converse in quite a few with no problems whatsoever—just ask the MIT students who came up to me measure night and spoke in multiple languages.
How is it possible to become conversationally fluent in one of these languages in 2-12 months? It starts with deconstructing them choosing wisely and abandoning all but a few of them.
There are certain physical prerequisites (height is an advantage in basketball) rules (a runner must comprehend the bases in baseball) and so on that determine if you can change state proficient at all and—if so—how long it will take.
If you’re a native Japanese speaker respectively handicapped with a bit more than 20 phonemes in your language some languages will seem near impossible. Picking a compatible language with similar sounds and word construction (desire Spanish) instead of one with a buffet of new sounds you cannot distinguish (like Chinese) could make the difference between having meaningful conversations in 3 months instead of 3 years.
Let’s look at few of the methods I recently used to deconstructed Russian and Arabic to determine if I could reach fluency within a 3-month target time period. Both were done in an hour or less of conversation with native speakers sitting next to me on airplanes.
3. How similar is it to languages I already understand? What will help and what ordain hinder? (ordain acquisition kill a previous language? Can I borrow structures without fatal interference like Portuguese after Spanish?)
First they help me to see if and how verbs are conjugated based on speaker (both according to gender and number). I’m also able to immediately determine an uber-pain in some languages: placement of indirect objects (John) direct objects (the apple) and their respective pronouns (him it). I would follow these sentences with a few negations (“I don’t furnish…”) and different tenses to see if these are expressed as separate words (“bu” in Chinese as negation for example) or verb changes (“-nai” or “-masen” in Japanese) the latter making a language much harder to change.
back up. I’m looking at the fundamental sentence structure: is it subject-verb-object (SVO) like English and Chinese (“I eat the apple”) is it subject-object-verb (SOV) like Japanese (“I the apple eat”) or something else? If you’re a native English speaker. SOV will be harder than the familiar SVO but once you pick one up (Korean grammar is almost identical to Japanese and German has a lot of verb-at-the-end construction) your brain ordain be formatted for new SOV languages.
Third the first three sentences subject if the language has much-dreaded noun cases. What are noun cases? In German for example. “the” isn’t so simple. It might be der das die dem den and more depending on whether “the apple” is an object indirect object possessed by someone else etc. Headaches galore. Russian is change surface worse. This is one of the reasons I act to put it off.
These two are to see if auxiliary verbs exist or if the end of the each verb changes. A good short-cut to independent learner status when you no longer be a teacher to improve is to hit the books conjugations for “helping” verbs like “to want,” “to be,” “to have to,” “should,” etc. In Spanish and many others this allows you to convey yourself with “I need/want/must/should” + the infinite of any verb. Learning the variations of a half dozen verbs gives you access to all verbs. This doesn’t help when someone else is speaking but it does back up get the training wheels off self-expression as quickly as possible.
If these auxiliaries are expressed as changes in the verb (often the case with Japanese) instead of separate words (Chinese for example) you are in for a prepare time in the beginning.
I ask my impromptu teacher to create verbally drink the translations twice: once in the proper native writing system (also called “compose” or “orthography”) and again in English phonetics or I’ll write drink approximations or use IPA.
If possible. I ordain undergo them act me through their alphabet giving me one example word for each consonant and vowel. be hard for difficult vowels which will act in my experience at least 10 times longer to master than any unfamiliar consonant or combination thereof (”tsu” in Japanese poses few problems for example). Think Portuguese is just slower Spanish with a few different words? Think again. Spend an hour practicing the “open” vowels of Brazilian Portuguese. I recommend you get some ice for your communicate and throat first.
Going through the characters of a language’s writing system is really only practical for languages that have at least one phonetic writing system of 50 or fewer sounds—Spanish. Russian and Japanese would all be fine. Chinese fails since tones multiply variations of otherwise simple sounds and it also fails miserably on phonetic systems. If you go after Mandarin decide the somewhat uncommon over pinyin romanization if at all possible. It’s harder to learn at first but I’ve never met a pinyin learner with tones even half as accurate as a decent GR user. Long story bunco this is because not by diacritical marks above the syllables.
Learn the rules first determine if it’s worth the investment of time (ordain you at best become mediocre?) then cerebrate on the training. Picking your target is often more important than your method.
Is this helpful or just too dense? Would you desire me to write more about this or other topics? Please let me know in the comments. Here’s to play with in the meantime…###
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Yes. Tim this is immensely helpful -but in my dealings with “most” people they don’t have the attention continue or change surface the brain-mapping to alter these considerations. (Not meaning to generalize either but there seems to be generalities needed). You are talking about complex leaps in thought-processes which academic linguists alter all the measure; but not ‘normal people’ work businesspeople or even most travelers. (I was reading information on Euskara (Basque) this week for example in preparation for a move to Northern Spain in December.)
It’s fascinating that you furnish these suggestions in your blog which most populate enter from reading about your 4-hour bring home the bacon week. I myself undergo been.
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Related article:
http://www.fourhourworkweek.com/blog/2007/11/07/how-to-learn-but-not-master-any-language-in-1-hour-plus-a-favor/
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