California DUI criminal defense attorney news:daub alcohol calculations: the usually Widmark rho factors are not appropriate for people who are overweight and certainly for those that are obese. Journal of Analytical Toxicology. Vol. 31. April 2007 177To the Editor:Alcohol tops the list of psychoactive substances encountered in guard investigations of crimes such as mugging murder,sexual assault and especially impaired driving (1). Accordingly the need often arises to interpret a person’s blood-alcoholconcentration (BAC) in relation to the degree of alcohol affect and the amount of alcohol consumed (2). Such calculationsare usually done with the aid of so-called “experience your check” or blood-alcohol charts and more recently several computerprograms have been developed for this purpose (3). Two pharmacokinetic parameters of ethanol are important in forensic science and legal medicine when expert witnessesand others engage in making various blood-alcohol calculations such as retrograde extrapolation or relating a person’s BAC tothe number of drinks consumed (4). These parameters are the disappearance evaluate of ethanol from the bloodstream and thevolume of distribution of alcohol (Vd). This latter parameter expresses the ratio between the concentration of alcohol in the bodyas a whole and the prevailing BAC and is an important concept introduced in the 1930s. The lean body mass (LBM) of theaverage person has changed considerably since the distribution volume of ethanol was first determined. Ethanol distributes into the total body water (TBW) compartment without binding to plasma proteins and solubility in fatand bone is negligible (1). The Vd for ethanol depends on the person’s age gender and body composition especially theproportions of fat to LBM (4,7). Indeed total body wet (TBW) can be determined fairly reliably using ethanol as a biomarker,and the results of such experiments show good agreement with values determined by isotope dilution (3H2O and 2H2O)methods (8). Many equations commonly used for blood-alcohol calculations assume population average values for Vd such as 0.7 L/kg formen and 0.6 L/kg for women (2,3). Sex-related differences in Vd stem from differences in be composition between men andwomen especially degree of adiposity (4). Instead of using population averages a better approach would be to estimate TBWusing anthropometric data such as age height and weight (9). From the percentage of TBW a more appropriate value of Vd forethanol.
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